@Article{DiasJśniorCFDSBMWSP:2022:InPlBo,
               author = "Dias J{\'u}nior, Cl{\'e}o Quaresma and Carneiro, Rayonil Gomes 
                         and Fisch, Gilberto and D'Oliveira, Fl{\'a}vio Augusto F. and 
                         S{\"o}rgel, Matthias and Bot{\'{\i}}a, Santiago and Machado, 
                         Luiz Augusto Toledo and Wolff, Stefan and Santos, Rosa Maria N. 
                         dos and P{\"o}hlker, Christopher",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Federal do Par{\'a} (IFPA)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade de Taubat{\'e} 
                         (UNITAU)} and {Universidade Federal do Par{\'a} (UFPA)} and {Max 
                         Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for 
                         Biogeochemistry} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Univesidade 
                         do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)} and {Max Planck Institute for 
                         Chemistry}",
                title = "Intercomparison of Planetary Boundary Layer Heights Using Remote 
                         Sensing Retrievals and ERA5 Reanalysis over Central Amazonia",
              journal = "Remote Sensing",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "14",
               number = "18",
                pages = "e4561",
                month = "Sept",
             keywords = "Amazon forest, atmospheric boundary layer, El Nińo, ERA5 
                         simulations, GoAmazon and ATTO projects.",
             abstract = "The atmospheric boundary layer height ((Formula presented.)) is a 
                         key parameter in the vertical transport of mass, energy, moisture, 
                         and chemical species between the surface and the free atmosphere. 
                         There is a lack of long-term and continuous observations of 
                         (Formula presented.), however, particularly for remote regions, 
                         such as the Amazon forest. Reanalysis products, such as ERA5, can 
                         fill this gap by providing temporally and spatially resolved 
                         information on (Formula presented.). In this work, we evaluate the 
                         ERA5 estimates of (Formula presented.) ((Formula presented.) 
                         -ERA5) for two locations in the Amazon and corrected them by means 
                         of ceilometer, radiosondes, and SODAR measurements ((Formula 
                         presented.) -experimental). The experimental data were obtained at 
                         the remote Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) with its pristine 
                         tropical forest cover and the T3 site downwind of the city of 
                         Manaus with a mixture of forest ((Formula presented.)), pasture 
                         ((Formula presented.)), and rivers ((Formula presented.)). We 
                         focus on the rather typical year 2014 and the El Nińo year 2015. 
                         The comparison of the experimental vs. ERA5 (Formula presented.) 
                         data yielded the following results: (i) (Formula presented.) -ERA5 
                         underestimates (Formula presented.) -experimental daytime at the 
                         T3 site for both years 2014 (30%, underestimate) and 2015 (15%, 
                         underestimate); (ii) (Formula presented.) -ERA5 overestimates 
                         (Formula presented.) -experimental daytime at ATTO site (12%, 
                         overestimate); (iii) during nighttime, no significant correlation 
                         between the (Formula presented.) -experimental and (Formula 
                         presented.) -ERA5 was observed. Based on these findings, we 
                         propose a correction for the daytime (Formula presented.) -ERA5, 
                         for both sites and for both years, which yields a better agreement 
                         between experimental and ERA5 data. These results and corrections 
                         are relevant for studies at ATTO and the T3 site and can likely 
                         also be applied at further locations in the Amazon.",
                  doi = "10.3390/rs14184561",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184561",
                 issn = "2072-4292",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "remotesensing-14-04561-v2.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}